﻿<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<XML>
  <ISCJOURNAL>
    <YEAR>2023</YEAR>
    <VOL>5</VOL>
    <NO>14</NO>
    <MOSALSAL>14</MOSALSAL>
    <PAGE_NO>13</PAGE_NO>
    <ARTICLES>
      <ARTICLE>
        <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
        <TitleF/>
        <TitleE>Nickel sulfide-based composite as electrodes in electrochemical sensors: A
          review</TitleE>
        <URL>https://jourcc.com/index.php/jourcc/article/view/jcc516</URL>
        <DOI>10.52547.jcc.5.1.6</DOI>
        <DOR/>
        <ABSTRACTS>
          <ABSTRACT>
            <LANGUAGE_ID>1</LANGUAGE_ID>
            <CONTENT>Nickel sulfide (NiS) is an extremely a transition metal sulfide with great
              potential use as a sensor material because of its exceptional conductivity and
              stability. Herein, we present first, the all of synthesis of NiS into sensor and
              biosensor. Electrochemical sensor, Due to the fact that disposal to electrolyte during
              electrochemical impact can rapidly deform NiS, lowering its electroactivity and
              measurement repeatability, a method for effectively integrating NiS into sensors is
              crucial. Then, the main focus of this review is the recent advancements in sensor
              systems that utilize NiS and its composites. The article discusses the correlation
              between sensing performance and electrode construction strategies, and identifies
              shortcomings and limitations in the current applications of these sensors. Based on
              this analysis, the authors suggest potential future directions and areas for further
              research in the development of NiS-based sensors. This study focused on developments
              in NiS-based sensor systems and their composites throughout the past articles. The
              article investigates the correlation between the way electrodes are made and the
              effectiveness of the sensors they produce. On this basis, we discuss the scope for
              future of NiS-based sensors and offer additional directions.</CONTENT>
          </ABSTRACT>
        </ABSTRACTS>
        <PAGES>
          <PAGE>
            <FPAGE>38</FPAGE>
            <TPAGE>50</TPAGE>
          </PAGE>
        </PAGES>
        <AUTHORS>
          <AUTHOR>
            <Name/>
            <MidName/>
            <Family/>
            <NameE>Maryam</NameE>
            <MidNameE/>
            <FamilyE>Irandoost</FamilyE>
            <Organizations>
              <Organization>Amirkabir University of Technology</Organization>
            </Organizations>
            <Countries>
              <Country>Iran</Country>
            </Countries>
            <EMAILS>
              <Email>maryamirandost@yahoo.com</Email>
            </EMAILS>
          </AUTHOR>
          <AUTHOR>
            <Name/>
            <MidName/>
            <Family/>
            <NameE>Beena</NameE>
            <MidNameE/>
            <FamilyE>Kumari</FamilyE>
            <Organizations>
              <Organization>Indira Gandhi University</Organization>
            </Organizations>
            <Countries>
              <Country>India</Country>
            </Countries>
            <EMAILS>
              <Email>info@jourcc.com</Email>
            </EMAILS>
          </AUTHOR>
          <AUTHOR>
            <Name/>
            <MidName/>
            <Family/>
            <NameE>Tuyen</NameE>
            <MidNameE/>
            <FamilyE>Truong</FamilyE>
            <Organizations>
              <Organization>VNUHCM-University of Science</Organization>
            </Organizations>
            <Countries>
              <Country>Vietnam</Country>
            </Countries>
            <EMAILS>
              <Email>info@jourcc.com</Email>
            </EMAILS>
          </AUTHOR>
          <AUTHOR>
            <Name/>
            <MidName/>
            <Family/>
            <NameE>Bhishma</NameE>
            <MidNameE/>
            <FamilyE>Karki</FamilyE>
            <Organizations>
              <Organization>Tribhuvan University</Organization>
            </Organizations>
            <Countries>
              <Country>Nepal</Country>
            </Countries>
            <EMAILS>
              <Email>info@jourcc.com</Email>
            </EMAILS>
          </AUTHOR>
          <AUTHOR>
            <Name/>
            <MidName/>
            <Family/>
            <NameE>Rahimullah</NameE>
            <MidNameE/>
            <FamilyE>Miah</FamilyE>
            <Organizations>
              <Organization>Sylhet Medical University</Organization>
            </Organizations>
            <Countries>
              <Country>Bangladesh</Country>
            </Countries>
            <EMAILS>
              <Email>info@jourcc.com</Email>
            </EMAILS>
          </AUTHOR>
        </AUTHORS>
        <KEYWORDS>
          <KEYWORD>
            <KeyText>Nickel sulfide</KeyText>
          </KEYWORD>
          <KEYWORD>
            <KeyText>Composite</KeyText>
          </KEYWORD>
          <KEYWORD>
            <KeyText>Electrode</KeyText>
          </KEYWORD>
          <KEYWORD>
            <KeyText>Sensor</KeyText>
          </KEYWORD>
          <KEYWORD>
            <KeyText>Energy Device</KeyText>
          </KEYWORD>
        </KEYWORDS>
        <PDFFileName>Article6.pdf</PDFFileName>
        <REFRENCES>
          <REFRENCE>
            <REF>[1] Z. Nie, C.A. Nijhuis, J. Gong, X. Chen, A. Kumachev, A.W. Martinez, M.
              Narovlyansky, G.M. Whitesides, Electrochemical sensing in paper-based microfluidic
              devices, Lab on a Chip 10(4) (2010) 477-483.##[2] M. Gerard, A. Chaubey, B. Malhotra,
              Application of conducting polymers to biosensors, Biosensors and bioelectronics 17(5)
              (2002) 345-359.##[3] H. Meskher, F. Achi, H. Belkhalfa, Synthesis and Characterization
              of CuO@PANI composite: A new prospective material for electrochemical sensing, Journal
              of Composites and Compounds 4(13) (2022) 178-181.##[4] B.R. Eggins, Biosensors: an
              introduction, Springer-Verlag2013.##[5] S. Cosnier, Biomolecule immobilization on
              electrode surfaces by entrapment or attachment to electrochemically polymerized films.
              A review, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 14(5) (1999) 443-456.##[6] D.A. Sousa, M.
              Carneiro, D. Ferreira, F.T. Moreira, M.G.F. Sales, L.R. Rodrigues, Recent advances in
              the selection of cancer-specific aptamers for the development of biosensors, Current
              Medicinal Chemistry 29(37) (2022) 5850-5880.##[7] S. Gavrilaș, C.Ș. Ursachi, S.
              Perța-Crișan, F.-D. Munteanu, Recent trends in biosensors for environmental quality
              monitoring, Sensors 22(4) (2022) 1513.##[8] S. D’souza, Microbial biosensors,
              Biosensors and Bioelectronics 16(6) (2001) 337-353.##[9] J. Barek, How to improve the
              performance of electrochemical sensors via minimization of electrode passivation,
              Chemosensors 9(1) (2021) 12.##[10] B.K. Boggs, R.L. King, G.G. Botte, Urea
              electrolysis: direct hydrogen production from urine, Chemical Communications (32)
              (2009) 4859-4861.##[11] S. Sahoo, A. Satpati, Fabrication of rGO/NiS/AuNCs ternary
              nanocomposite modified electrode for electrochemical sensing of Cr (VI) at utra-trace
              level, Surfaces and Interfaces 24 (2021) 101096.##[12] H. Emadi, A. Hemmati, E.
              Behrouzi, Investigation of Fe3O4/SBA-15 magnetic nanocomposite synthesized by
              microwave-assisted solvothermal route as multi-therapeutic agent, Journal of
              Composites and Compounds 4(12) (2022) 141-144.##[13] M.-R. Gao, Y.-F. Xu, J. Jiang,
              S.-H. Yu, Nanostructured metal chalcogenides: synthesis, modification, and
              applications in energy conversion and storage devices, Chemical Society Reviews 42(7)
              (2013) 2986-3017.##[14] Q. Lu, Y. Yu, Q. Ma, B. Chen, H. Zhang, 2D
              transition‐metal‐dichalcogenide‐nanosheet‐based composites for photocatalytic and
              electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions, Advanced Materials 28(10) (2016)
              1917-1933.##[15] Y. Liu, C. Xiao, M. Lyu, Y. Lin, W. Cai, P. Huang, W. Tong, Y. Zou,
              Y. Xie, Ultrathin Co3S4 nanosheets that synergistically engineer spin states and
              exposed polyhedra that promote water oxidation under neutral conditions, Angewandte
              Chemie International Edition 54(38) (2015) 11231-11235.##[16] N.F.H. Nik Zaiman, N.
              Shaari, N.A.M. Harun, Developing metal‐organic framework‐based composite for
              innovative fuel cell application: An overview, International Journal of Energy
              Research 46(2) (2022) 471-504.##[17] H. Xu, Z. Kong, J. Siegenthaler, B. Zheng, Y.
              Tong, J. Li, T. Schuelke, Q.H. Fan, K. Wang, H. Xu, Review on recent advances in
              two‐dimensional nanomaterials‐based cathodes for lithium‐sulfur batteries, EcoMat
              (2023) e12286.##[18] J. Yang, X. Duan, W. Guo, D. Li, H. Zhang, W. Zheng,
              Electrochemical performances investigation of NiS/rGO composite as electrode material
              for supercapacitors, Nano Energy 5 (2014) 74-81.##[19] F. Cai, R. Sun, Y. Kang, H.
              Chen, M. Chen, Q. Li, One-step strategy to a three-dimensional NiS-reduced graphene
              oxide hybrid nanostructure for high performance supercapacitors, RSC Advances 5(29)
              (2015) 23073-23079.##[20] Y. Li, H. Wang, H. Zhang, P. Liu, Y. Wang, W. Fang, H. Yang,
              Y. Li, H. Zhao, A {0001} faceted single crystal NiS nanosheet electrocatalyst for
              dye-sensitised solar cells: sulfur-vacancy induced electrocatalytic activity, Chemical
              communications 50(42) (2014) 5569-5571.##[21] L. Mi, Y. Chen, W. Wei, W. Chen, H. Hou,
              Z. Zheng, Large-scale urchin-like micro/nano-structured NiS: controlled synthesis,
              cation exchange and lithium-ion battery applications, RSC advances 3(38) (2013)
              17431-17439.##[22] H. Geng, S.F. Kong, Y. Wang, NiS nanorod-assembled nanoflowers
              grown on graphene: morphology evolution and Li-ion storage applications, Journal of
              Materials Chemistry A 2(36) (2014) 15152-15158.##[23] C. Tang, C. Zang, J. Su, D.
              Zhang, G. Li, Y. Zhang, K. Yu, Structure and magnetic properties of flower-like α-NiS
              nanostructures, Applied Surface Science 257(8) (2011) 3388-3391.##[24] J. Yang, X.
              Duan, Q. Qin, W. Zheng, Solvothermal synthesis of hierarchical flower-like β-NiS with
              excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors, Journal of Materials
              Chemistry A 1(27) (2013) 7880-7884.##[25] K. Muir, Shakespeare’s sonnets,
              Routledge2013.##[26] S. Vinoth, P.M. Rajaitha, A. Venkadesh, K.S. Devi, S.
              Radhakrishnan, A. Pandikumar, Nickel sulfide-incorporated sulfur-doped graphitic
              carbon nitride nanohybrid interface for non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing of
              glucose, Nanoscale Advances 2(9) (2020) 4242-4250.##[27] J. Liu, D. Xue, Rapid and
              scalable route to CuS biosensors: a microwave-assisted Cu-complex transformation into
              CuS nanotubes for ultrasensitive nonenzymatic glucose sensor, Journal of Materials
              Chemistry 21(1) (2011) 223-228.##[28] T.-W. Lin, C.-J. Liu, C.-S. Dai, Ni3S2/carbon
              nanotube nanocomposite as electrode material for hydrogen evolution reaction in
              alkaline electrolyte and enzyme-free glucose detection, Applied Catalysis B:
              Environmental 154 (2014) 213-220.##[29] M. Javaid, A. Haleem, S. Rab, R. Pratap Singh,
              R. Suman, Sensors for daily life: A review, Sensors International 2 (2021)
              100121.##[30] J. Shieh, J.E. Huber, N.A. Fleck, M.F. Ashby, The selection of sensors,
              Progress in Materials Science 46(3) (2001) 461-504.##[31] H. Khalilpour, P. Shafiee,
              A. Darbandi, M. Yusuf, S. Mahmoudi, Z.M. Goudarzi, S. Mirzamohammadi, Application of
              Polyoxometalate-based composites for sensor systems: A review, Journal of Composites
              and Compounds 3(7) (2021) 129-139.##[32] J. Fraden, Handbook of modern sensors:
              physics, designs, and applications, American Association of Physics Teachers,
              Springer, New York 2010.##[33] J.R. Stetter, W.R. Penrose, S. Yao, Sensors, chemical
              sensors, electrochemical sensors, and ECS, Journal of The Electrochemical Society
              150(2) (2003) S11.##[34] J. Gutiérrez, M.C. Horrillo, Advances in artificial
              olfaction: Sensors and applications, Talanta 124 (2014) 95-105.##[35] G. Harsanyi,
              Sensors in biomedical applications: fundamentals, technology and applications, CRC
              press2000.##[36] K. Beaver, A. Dantanarayana, S.D. Minteer, Materials approaches for
              improving electrochemical sensor performance, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B
              125(43) (2021) 11820-11834.##[37] R. Keçili, A. Denizli, Molecular Imprinting-Based
              Smart Nanosensors for Pharmaceutical Applications, Molecular Imprinting for
              Nanosensors and Other Sensing Applications, Elsevier2021, pp. 19-43.##[38] M.E.
              Natoli, M.M. Chang, K.A. Kundrod, J.B. Coole, G.E. Airewele, V.N. Tubman, R.R.
              Richards-Kortum, Allele-specific recombinase polymerase amplification to detect sickle
              cell disease in low-resource settings, Analytical Chemistry 93(11) (2021)
              4832-4840.##[39] P.K. Kalambate, N.S. Gadhari, X. Li, Z. Rao, S.T. Navale, Y. Shen,
              V.R. Patil, Y. Huang, Recent advances in MXene–based electrochemical sensors and
              biosensors, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 120 (2019) 115643.##[40] S. Tajik, Z.
              Dourandish, F. Garkani Nejad, H. Beitollahi, P.M. Jahani, A. Di Bartolomeo, Transition
              metal dichalcogenides: Synthesis and use in the development of electrochemical sensors
              and biosensors, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 216 (2022) 114674.##[41] B.S. Jilani, P.
              Malathesh, C. Mruthyunjayachari, K.V. Reddy, Cobalt (II) tetra methyl-quinoline oxy
              bridged phthalocyanine carbon nano particles modified glassy carbon electrode for
              sensing nitrite: A voltammetric study, Materials Chemistry and Physics 239 (2020)
              121920.##[42] A.J. Baeumner, Biosensors for environmental pollutants and food
              contaminants, Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry 377 (2003) 434-445.##[43] C. Fan,
              G. Li, D. Zhu, Recent progress in immobilized enzyme-based reagentless electrochemical
              biosensors, Curr. Top. Anal. Chem 3 (2002) 233-251.##[44] J. Wang, Analytical
              electrochemistry, John Wiley and, Sons2023.##[45] L. Qian, J. Mao, X. Tian, H. Yuan, D.
              Xiao, In situ synthesis of CuS nanotubes on Cu electrode for sensitive nonenzymatic
              glucose sensor, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 176 (2013) 952-959.##[46] X. Zhang,
              G. Wang, A. Gu, Y. Wei, B. Fang, CuS nanotubes for ultrasensitive nonenzymatic glucose
              sensors, Chemical Communications (45) (2008) 5945-5947.##[47] Z. Zhang, Z. Huang, L.
              Ren, Y. Shen, X. Qi, J. Zhong, One-pot synthesis of hierarchically nanostructured
              Ni3S2 dendrites as active materials for supercapacitors, Electrochimica Acta 149
              (2014) 316-323.##[48] W. Zhou, X.-J. Wu, X. Cao, X. Huang, C. Tan, J. Tian, H. Liu, J.
              Wang, H. Zhang, Ni3S2 nanorods/Ni foam composite electrode with low overpotential for
              electrocatalytic oxygen evolution, Energy and, Environmental Science 6(10) (2013)
              2921-2924.##[49] A.J. Bard, L.R. Faulkner, Fundamentals and applications,
              Electrochemical methods 2(482) (2001) 580-632.##[50] Y. Gu, A. Wu, H. Sohn, C.
              Nicoletti, Z. Iqbal, J.F. Federici, Fabrication of rechargeable lithium ion batteries
              using water-based inkjet printed cathodes, Journal of Manufacturing Processes 20
              (2015) 198-205.##[51] O.M. Ama, S.S. Ray, Nanostructured Metal-Oxide Electrode
              Materials for Water Purification, Springer2020.##[52] A. Hayat, C. Yang, A. Rhouati,
              J.L. Marty, Recent advances and achievements in nanomaterial-based, and structure
              switchable aptasensing platforms for ochratoxin A detection, Sensors 13(11) (2013)
              15187-15208.##[53] H. Meskher, F. Achi, Electrochemical Sensing Systems for the
              Analysis of Catechol and Hydroquinone in the Aquatic Environments: A Critical Review,
              Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry (2022) 1-14.##[54] S. Jafari Zare, M. Masomi,
              M. Sharifzadeh Baei, S. Naghizadeh Raeisi, S.-A. Shahidi, Electrochemical sensing of
              Nalbuphine in pharmaceutical samples using amplified MgO/CNTs nanocomposite electrode,
              Journal of Composites and Compounds 4(10) (2022) 1-3.##[55] W.Y. Yi, K.M. Lo, T. Mak,
              K.S. Leung, Y. Leung, M.L. Meng, A Survey of Wireless Sensor Network Based Air
              Pollution Monitoring Systems, Sensors 15(12) (2015) 31392-31427.##[56] R. Amali, H.
              Lim, I. Ibrahim, N. Huang, Z. Zainal, S. Ahmad, Significance of nanomaterials in
              electrochemical sensors for nitrate detection: A review, Trends in Environmental
              Analytical Chemistry 31 (2021) e00135.##[57] L.A. Zambrano-Intriago, C.G. Amorim, J.M.
              Rodríguez-Díaz, A.N. Araújo, M.C.B.S.M. Montenegro, Challenges in the design of
              electrochemical sensor for glyphosate-based on new materials and biological
              recognition, Science of The Total Environment 793 (2021) 148496.##[58] M. Richards, M.
              Ghanem, M. Osmond, Y. Guo, J. Hassard, Grid-based analysis of air pollution data,
              Ecological modelling 194(1-3) (2006) 274-286.##[59] M. Hicham, A. Fethi, S. Ha, B.
              Khaldoun, Antifouling double layers of functionalized-multi-walled carbon nanotubes
              coated ZnO for sensitive and selective electrochemical detection of catechol,
              Fullerenes, Nanotubes and Carbon Nanostructures 30(3) (2022) 334-347.##[60] W. Zhang,
              R. Wang, F. Luo, P. Wang, Z. Lin, Miniaturized electrochemical sensors and their
              point-of-care applications, Chinese Chemical Letters 31(3) (2020) 589-600.##[61] S.
              Nambiar, J.T. Yeow, Conductive polymer-based sensors for biomedical applications,
              Biosensors and Bioelectronics 26(5) (2011) 1825-1832.##[62] W. Liu, K. Hiekel, R.
              Hübner, H. Sun, A. Ferancova, M. Sillanpää, Pt and Au bimetallic and monometallic
              nanostructured amperometric sensors for direct detection of hydrogen peroxide:
              Influences of bimetallic effect and silica support, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical
              255 (2018) 1325-1334.##[63] C. Bao, Q. Niu, X. Cao, C. Liu, H. Wang, W. Lu, Ni–Fe
              hybrid nanocubes: an efficient electrocatalyst for non-enzymatic glucose sensing with
              a wide detection range, New Journal of Chemistry 43(28) (2019) 11135-11140.##[64] C.
              Tortolini, P. Bollella, R. Zumpano, G. Favero, F. Mazzei, R. Antiochia, Metal Oxide
              Nanoparticle Based Electrochemical Sensor for Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC)
              Detection in Wine Samples, Biosensors 8(4) (2018) 108.##[65] S.M. Khomambazari, P.
              Lokhande, S. Padervand, N.D. Zaulkiflee, M. Irandoost, S. Dubal, H. Sharifan, A review
              of recent progresses on nickel oxide/carbonous material composites as supercapacitor
              electrodes, Journal of Composites and Compounds 4(13) (2022) 195-208.##[66] D.
              Hernández‐Santos, M.B. González‐García, A.C. García, Metal‐nanoparticles based
              electroanalysis, Electroanalysis: An International Journal Devoted to Fundamental and
              Practical Aspects of Electroanalysis 14(18) (2002) 1225-1235.##[67] M. Wang, Y. Ni, L.
              Cao, D. Zhao, X. Ma, Porous Ni/β-Ni(OH)2 superstructures: Rapid solvothermal
              synthesis, characterization, and electrochemical property, Journal of Colloid and
              Interface Science 401 (2013) 8-13.##[68] G.C.M. de Oliveira, J.H. de Souza Carvalho,
              L.C. Brazaca, N.C.S. Vieira, B.C. Janegitz, Flexible platinum electrodes as
              electrochemical sensor and immunosensor for Parkinson’s disease biomarkers, Biosensors
              and Bioelectronics 152 (2020) 112016.##[69] A.N. Raja, Recent development in
              chitosan-based electrochemical sensors and its sensing application, International
              Journal of Biological Macromolecules 164 (2020) 4231-4244.##[70] H. Meskher, T. Ragdi,
              A.K. Thakur, S. Ha, I. Khelfaoui, R. Sathyamurthy, S.W. Sharshir, A.K. Pandey, R.
              Saidur, P. Singh, F. Sharifian jazi, I. Lynch, A Review on CNTs-Based Electrochemical
              Sensors and Biosensors: Unique Properties and Potential Applications, Critical Reviews
              in Analytical Chemistry (2023) 1-24 .##[71] M. Hayat, A. Shah, J. Nisar, I. Shah, A.
              Haleem, M.N. Ashiq, A novel electrochemical sensing platform for the sensitive
              detection and degradation monitoring of methylene blue, Catalysts 12(3) (2022)
              306.##[72] H. Meskher, F. Achi, S. Ha, B. Berregui, F. Babanini, H. Belkhalfa,
              Sensitive rGO/MOF based electrochemical sensor for penta-chlorophenol detection: a
              novel artificial neural network (ANN) application, Sensors and, Diagnostics 1(5) (2022)
              1032-1043.##[73] G. Cho, S. Azzouzi, G. Zucchi, B. Lebental, Electrical and
              electrochemical sensors based on carbon nanotubes for the monitoring of chemicals in
              water—A review, Sensors 22(1) (2022) 218.##[74] H. Meskher, H.C. Mustansar, A.K.
              Thakur, R. Sathyamurthy, I. Lynch, P. Singh, T.K. Han, R. Saidur, Recent trends in
              carbon nanotube (CNT)-based biosensors for the fast and sensitive detection of human
              viruses: a critical review, Nanoscale Advances 5(4) (2023) 992-1010.##[75] E. Fazio,
              S. Spadaro, C. Corsaro, G. Neri, S.G. Leonardi, F. Neri, N. Lavanya, C. Sekar, N.
              Donato, G. Neri, Metal-oxide based nanomaterials: Synthesis, characterization and
              their applications in electrical and electrochemical sensors, Sensors 21(7) (2021)
              2494.##[76] M. Amiri, V.T. Targhi, S. Padervand, S.M.M. Khoei, Corrosion behavior of
              aluminum oxide coatings created by electrolytic plasma method under different
              potential regimes, Journal of Composites and Compounds 2(4) (2020) 129-137.##[77] M.
              Arivazhagan, A. Shankar, G. Maduraiveeran, Hollow sphere nickel sulfide
              nanostructures–based enzyme mimic electrochemical sensor platform for lactic acid in
              human urine, Microchimica Acta 187 (2020) 1-9.##[78] P.K. Kannan, C.S. Rout, High
              Performance Non‐enzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on One‐Step Electrodeposited Nickel
              Sulfide, Chemistry–A European Journal 21(26) (2015) 9355-9359.##[79] J. Wang, J. Lu,
              Ü.A. Kirgöz, S.B. Hocevar, B. Ogorevc, Insights into the anodic stripping voltammetric
              behavior of bismuth film electrodes, Analytica Chimica Acta 434 (2001) 29-34.##[80]
              J.-H. Hwang, X. Wang, D. Zhao, M.M. Rex, H.J. Cho, W.H. Lee, A novel nanoporous
              bismuth electrode sensor for in situ heavy metal detection, Electrochimica Acta 298
              (2019) 440-448.##[81] F. Liu, Y. Piao, K.S. Choi, T.S. Seo, Fabrication of
              free-standing graphene composite films as electrochemical biosensors, Carbon 50(1)
              (2012) 123-133.##[82] Y. Liu, M. Wang, F. Zhao, Z. Xu, S. Dong, The direct electron
              transfer of glucose oxidase and glucose biosensor based on carbon nanotubes/chitosan
              matrix, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 21(6) (2005) 984-988.##[83] A. Rochefort, J.D.
              Wuest, Interaction of Substituted Aromatic Compounds with Graphene, Langmuir 25(1)
              (2009) 210-215.##[84] J. Lu, I. Do, L.T. Drzal, R.M. Worden, I. Lee,
              Nanometal-decorated exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet based glucose biosensors with
              high sensitivity and fast response, ACS Nano 2(9) (2008) 1825-32.##[85] Y.-G. Zhou,
              J.-J. Chen, F.-b. Wang, Z.-H. Sheng, X.-H. Xia, A facile approach to the synthesis of
              highly electroactive Pt nanoparticles on graphene as an anode catalyst for direct
              methanol fuel cells, Chemical Communications 46(32) (2010) 5951-5953.##[86] Y. Wang,
              Y. Wan, D. Zhang, Reduced graphene sheets modified glassy carbon electrode for
              electrocatalytic oxidation of hydrazine in alkaline media, Electrochemistry
              Communications 12(2) (2010) 187-190.##[87] J. Xu, T. Li, L. Wang, J.-C. Wang, L. Zhao,
              S. Shen, Q. Tu, Y. Zhang, J. Wang, Voltammetric Behavior of Guanine at ERGO/GC
              Electrode and Its Application in Cell Counting, Journal of The Electrochemical Society
              161(4) (2014) G21.##[88] R.S. Mane, C.D. Lokhande, Chemical deposition method for
              metal chalcogenide thin films, Materials Chemistry and Physics 65(1) (2000)
              1-31.##[89] S. Saeed, N. Rashid, R. Hussain, J.P. Jasinski, A.C. Keeley, S. Khan,
              Nanoparticles and nanocrystals of a new bidentate nickel(II) complex of
              N-[ethyl(propan-2-yl)carbamothioyl]-4-nitrobenzamide: synthesis, characterization, and
              crystal structures, Journal of Coordination Chemistry 66(1) (2013) 126-138.##[90] P.
              Luo, F. Zhang, R.P. Baldwin, Comparison of metallic electrodes for constant-potential
              amperometric detection of carbohydrates, amino acids and related compounds in flow
              systems, Analytica chimica acta 244 (1991) 169-178.##[91] T. You, O. Niwa, Z. Chen, K.
              Hayashi, M. Tomita, S. Hirono, An amperometric detector formed of highly dispersed Ni
              nanoparticles embedded in a graphite-like carbon film electrode for sugar
              determination, Analytical chemistry 75(19) (2003) 5191-5196.##[92] K. Kano, M.
              Torimura, Y. Esaka, M. Goto, T. Ueda, Electrocatalytic oxidation of carbohydrates at
              copper(II) -modified electrodes and its application to flow-through detection, Journal
              of Electroanalytical Chemistry 372(1) (1994) 137-143.##[93] N. Baig, M. Sajid, T.A.
              Saleh, Recent trends in nanomaterial-modified electrodes for electroanalytical
              applications, TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry 111 (2019) 47-61.##[94] J. Zhang, C.
              Xu, D. Zhang, J. Zhao, S. Zheng, H. Su, F. Wei, B. Yuan, C. Fernandez, Facile
              synthesis of a nickel sulfide (NiS) hierarchical flower for the electrochemical
              oxidation of H2O2 and the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR), Journal of the
              electrochemical society 164(4) (2017) B92.##[95] W. Wu, Y. Li, J. Jin, H. Wu, S. Wang,
              Y. Ding, J. Ou, Sensing nitrite with a glassy carbon electrode modified with a
              three-dimensional network consisting of Ni 7 S 6 and multi-walled carbon nanotubes,
              Microchimica Acta 183 (2016) 3159-3166.##[96] S. Kim, S.H. Lee, M. Cho, Y. Lee,
              Solvent-assisted morphology confinement of a nickel sulfide nanostructure and its
              application for non-enzymatic glucose sensor, Biosensors and Bioelectronics 85 (2016)
              587-595.##[97] M. Ma, W. Zhu, D. Zhao, Y. Ma, N. Hu, Y. Suo, J. Wang, Surface
              engineering of nickel selenide nanosheets array on nickel foam: an integrated anode
              for glucose sensing, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 278 (2019) 110-116.##[98] H.
              Huo, Y. Zhao, C. Xu, 3D Ni3S2 nanosheet arrays supported on Ni foam for
              high-performance supercapacitor and non-enzymatic glucose detection, Journal of
              Materials Chemistry A 2(36) (2014) 15111-15117.##[99] F.F. Bobinihi, O.E. Fayemi, D.C.
              Onwudiwe, Synthesis, characterization, and cyclic voltammetry of nickel sulphide and
              nickel oxide nanoparticles obtained from Ni(II) dithiocarbamate, Materials Science in
              Semiconductor Processing 121 (2021) 105315.##[100] R.Y. Pelgrift, A.J. Friedman,
              Nanotechnology as a therapeutic tool to combat microbial resistance, Advanced Drug
              Delivery Reviews 65(13) (2013) 1803-1815.##[101] D.C. Onwudiwe, J.N. Mugo, M. Hrubaru,
              E. Hosten, Bis diallyl dithiocarbamate Pt(II) complex: synthesis, characterization,
              thermal decomposition studies, and experimental and theoretical studies on its crystal
              structure, Journal of Sulfur Chemistry 36(1) (2015) 36-47.##[102] C. Xiong, B. Li, H.
              Liu, W. Zhao, C. Duan, H. Wu, Y. Ni, A smart porous wood-supported flower-like NiS/Ni
              conjunction with vitrimer co-effect as a multifunctional material with reshaping,
              shape-memory, and self-healing properties for applications in high-performance
              supercapacitors, catalysts, and sensors, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8(21) (2020)
              10898-10908.##[103] A. Ziyaei-Halimehjani, K. Marjani, A. Ashouri, A one-pot,
              three-component synthesis of thiazolidine-2-thiones, Tetrahedron Letters 53(27) (2012)
              3490-3492.##[104] T.S. Sunil Kumar Naik, S. Saravanan, K.N. Sri Saravana, U. Pratiush,
              P.C. Ramamurthy, A non-enzymatic urea sensor based on the nickel sulfide / graphene
              oxide modified glassy carbon electrode, Materials Chemistry and Physics 245 (2020)
              122798.##[105] R.M. Abdel Hameed, I.M.A. Mohamed, A.M. Al-Enizi, A. Abutaleb, S.F.
              Shaikh, A. Yousef, Fabrication of electrospun nickel sulphide nanoparticles onto
              carbon nanofibers for efficient urea electro-oxidation in alkaline medium,
              International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 46(24) (2021) 12944-12960.##[106] S. Haider,
              S.S. Shar, I. Shakir, P.O. Agboola, Design of NiS/CNTs nanocomposites for visible
              light driven catalysis and antibacterial activity studies, Ceramics International
              47(24) (2021) 34269-34277.##[107] T.S.K. Naik, S. Saravanan, K.S. Saravana, U.
              Pratiush, P.C. Ramamurthy, A non-enzymatic urea sensor based on the nickel
              sulfide/graphene oxide modified glassy carbon electrode, Materials Chemistry and
              Physics 245 (2020) 122798.##[108] P. Muthukumaran, C. Sumathi, J. Wilson, G. Ravi,
              Enzymeless biosensor based on β-NiS@ rGO/Au nanocomposites for simultaneous detection
              of ascorbic acid, epinephrine and uric acid, RSC advances 6(99) (2016)
              96467-96478.##[109] Z. Lu, Y. Li, T. Liu, G. Wang, M. Sun, Y. Jiang, H. He, Y. Wang,
              P. Zou, X. Wang, A dual-template imprinted polymer electrochemical sensor based on
              AuNPs and nitrogen-doped graphene oxide quantum dots coated on NiS2/biomass carbon for
              simultaneous determination of dopamine and chlorpromazine, Chemical Engineering
              Journal 389 (2020) 124417.##[110] D. Zheng, J. Yang, Z. Zheng, M. Peng, J. Chen, Y.
              Chen, W. Gao, A highly sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensor for CEA analysis based
              on hollow NiS@ NiO/TiO2 composite with typal pn heterostructure, Talanta 246 (2022)
              123523.##[111] C. Wei, C. Cheng, J. Zhao, Z. Wang, H. Wu, K. Gu, W. Du, H. Pang,
              Mesoporous ZnS–NiS nanocomposites for nonenzymatic electrochemical glucose sensors,
              ChemistryOpen 4(1) (2015) 32-38.##[112] P. Muthukumaran, R. Ramya, P. Thivya, J.
              Wilson, G. Ravi, Nanocomposite based on restacked crystallites of β-NiS and Ppy for
              the determination of theophylline and uric acid on screen-printed electrodes, New
              Journal of Chemistry 43(48) (2019) 19397-19407.##[113] J. Qu, Z. Zhu, C. Wu, L. Zhang,
              J. Qu, Preparation of ZnS: Ni/ZnS quantum dots with core/shell structure and
              application for detecting cefoperazone–sulbactam, Spectrochimica acta part a:
              molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy 121 (2014) 350-354.##[114] H. Huo, Y. Zhao, C.
              Xu, 3D Ni3 S2 nanosheet arrays supported on Ni foam for high-performance
              supercapacitor and non-enzymatic glucose detection, Journal of Materials Chemistry A
              2(36) (2014) 15111-15117.##[115] S. Radhakrishnan, S.J. Kim, Facile fabrication of NiS
              and a reduced graphene oxide hybrid film for nonenzymatic detection of glucose, Rsc
              Advances 5(55) (2015) 44346-44352.##[116] S. Jana, G. Mondal, B.C. Mitra, P. Bera, B.
              Chakraborty, A. Mondal, A. Ghosh, Facile synthesis of nickel oxide thin films from PVP
              encapsulated nickel sulfide thin films: an efficient material for electrochemical
              sensing of glucose, hydrogen peroxide and photodegradation of dye, New Journal of
              Chemistry 41(24) (2017) 14985-14994.##[117] T.D. Vu, P.K. Duy, H.T. Bui, S.-H. Han, H.
              Chung, Reduced graphene oxide–Nickel sulfide (NiS) composited on mechanical pencil
              lead as a versatile and cost-effective sensor for electrochemical measurements of
              bisphenol A and mercury (II), Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 281 (2019)
              320-325.##[118] S. Kubendhiran, R. Sakthivel, S.-M. Chen, B. Mutharani,
              Functionalized-carbon black as a conductive matrix for nickel sulfide nanospheres and
              its application to non-enzymatic glucose sensor, Journal of The Electrochemical
              Society 165(3) (2018) B96.</REF>
          </REFRENCE>
        </REFRENCES>

      </ARTICLE>
    </ARTICLES>
  </ISCJOURNAL>
</XML>
