1 AlFeO3@SiO2@SO3H as a magnetic nanocatalyst for the synthesis of mono/bis-dihydropyrimidin-2-ones and dihydropyridines as pharmaceutically active compounds https://jourcc.com/index.php/jourcc/article/view/jcc512 10.52547.jcc.5.1.2 1 In this research, the preparation of a reusable AlFeO3@SiO2@SO3H nanostructure as a perovskite-based magnetic nanomaterial is described. The structure of prepared AlFeO3@SiO2@SO3H was characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM, EDS, TGA, and VSM analyses. The prepared acidic hybrid nanocatalyst showed high thermal stability and used as an efficient magnetic nanocatalyst in the synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-one, and mono/bis 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives as pharmaceutically active heterocycles under solvent free conditions. High efficiency of procedure, good yields, short reaction times, magnetic recovery and reusability of nanocatalyst, high thermal stability of catalyst, and environmentally benign conditions are highlights of this new protocol. 6 12 Mohammad Ali Bodaghifard Arak University Iran mbodaghi2007@yahoo.com Najmieh Ahadi Arak University Iran info@jourcc.com Faranak Ebrahimi Arak University Iran info@jourcc.com Mahdia Hamidinasab Arak University Iran mahdiahamidinasab@yahoo.com Magnetic nanocatalyst Perovskite structure Biginelli reaction Hantzsch reaction Pharmaceutical compounds Green synthesis Article2.pdf [1] P. Costanzo, M. Nardi, M. Oliverio, Similarity and competition between Biginelli and Hantzsch reactions: an opportunity for modern medicinal chemistry, European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2020(26) (2020) 3954-3964 .## [2] S.M. Gomha, Z.A. Muhammad, H.M. Abdel-aziz, I.K. Matar, A.A. El-Sayed, Green synthesis, molecular docking and anticancer activity of novel 1, 4-dihydropyridine-3, 5-Dicarbohydrazones under grind-stone chemistry, Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 13(1) (2020) 6-17 .## [3] S. Faizan, B.P. Kumar, N.L. Naishima, T. Ashok, A. Justin, M.V. Kumar, R.B. Chandrashekarappa, N.M. Raghavendra, P. Kabadi, L. Adhikary, Design, parallel synthesis of Biginelli 1, 4-dihydropyrimidines using PTSA as a catalyst, evaluation of anticancer activity and structure activity relationships via 3D QSAR studies, Bioorganic Chemistry 117 (2021) 105462 .## [4] P. Michalska, P. Mayo, C. Fernández-Mendívil, G. Tenti, P. Duarte, I. Buendia, M.T. Ramos, M.G. López, J.C. Menéndez, R. León, Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective profiles of novel 1, 4-dihydropyridine derivatives for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease, Antioxidants 9(8) (2020) 650 .## [5] N. Khaldi-Khellafi, M. Makhloufi-Chebli, D. Oukacha-Hikem, S.T. Bouaziz, K.O. Lamara, T. Idir, A. Benazzouz-Touami, F. Dumas, Green synthesis, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of 4-aryl-3, 4-dihydropyrimidinones/thiones derivatives of curcumin. Theoretical calculations and mechanism study, Journal of Molecular Structure 1181 (2019) 261-269 .## [6] A. Malani, A. Makwana, J. Monapara, I. Ahmad, H. Patel, N. Desai, Synthesis, molecular docking, DFT study, and in vitro antimicrobial activity of some 4‐ (biphenyl‐4‐yl)‐1, 4‐dihydropyridine and 4‐(biphenyl‐4‐yl) pyridine derivatives, Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology 35(11) (2021) e22903 .## [7] V. Ramachandran, K. Arumugasamy, S.K. Singh, N. Edayadulla, P. Ramesh, S.-K. Kamaraj, Synthesis, antibacterial studies, and molecular modeling studies of 3, 4-dihydropyrimidinone compounds, Journal of chemical biology 9(1) (2016) 31-40 .## [8] B. Borah, M. Patat, S. Swain, L.R. Chowhan, Recent advances and prospects in the transition‐metal‐free synthesis of 1, 4‐dihydropyridines, ChemistrySelect 7(27) (2022) e202202484[9] L.H.S. Matos, F.T. Masson, L.A. Simeoni, M. Homem-de-Mello, Biological activity of dihydropyrimidinone (DHPM) derivatives: A systematic review, European journal of medicinal chemistry 143 (2018) 1779-1789 .## [10] R. Janis, P. Silver, D. Triggle, Drug action and cellular calcium regulation, Advances in drug research 16 (1987) 309-591 .## [11] E. Khanina, G. Silinietse, Y. Ozol, G.Y. Dubur, A. Kimenis, Synthesis and pharmacological investigation of some derivatives of 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal 12(10) (1978) 1321- 1323 .## [12] B.H. Rotstein, S. Zaretsky, V. Rai, A.K. Yudin, Small heterocycles in multicomponent reactions, Chemical reviews 114(16) (2014) 8323-8359 .## [13] B. Borah, J. Bora, P. Ramesh, L.R. Chowhan, Sonochemistry in an organocatalytic domino reaction: an expedient multicomponent access to structurally functionalized dihydropyrano [3, 2-b] pyrans, spiro-pyrano [3, 2-b] pyrans, and spiro-indenoquinoxaline-pyranopyrans under ambient conditions, RSC advances 12(20) (2022) 12843-12857 .## [14] A. Hantzsch, Ueber die synthese pyridinartiger verbindungen aus acetessigäther und aldehydammoniak, Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 215(1) (1882) 1-82 .## [15] Z. Hajizadeh, A. Maleki, J. Rahimi, R. Eivazzadeh-Keihan, Halloysite nanotubes modified by Fe3O4 nanoparticles and applied as a natural and efficient nanocatalyst for the symmetricalhantzsch reaction, Silicon 12(5) (2020) 1247-1256 .## [16] M. Najjar, M.A. Nasseri, M. Darroudi, A. Allahresani, Synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone and dihydropyridine derivatives by a GQDs-based magnetically nanocatalyst under solvent-free conditions, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 10(6) (2022) 108854 .## [17] M.A. Ashraf, Z. Liu, W.-X. Peng, C. Gao, New copper complex on Fe3O4 nanoparticles as a highly efficient reusable nanocatalyst for synthesis of polyhydroquinolines in water, Catalysis Letters 150(3) (2020) 683-701 .## [18] P. Kamalzare, B. Mirza, S. Soleimani-Amiri, Chitosan magnetic nanocomposite: a magnetically reusable nanocatalyst for green synthesis of Hantzsch 1, 4-dihydropyridines under solvent-free conditions, Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry 11(2) (2021) 229-243 .## [19] S. Rezayati, F. Kalantari, A. Ramazani, S. Sajjadifar, H. Aghahosseini, A. Rezaei, Magnetic Silica-Coated Picolylamine Copper Complex [Fe3O4@ SiO2@ GP/Picolylamine-Cu (II)]-Catalyzed Biginelli Annulation Reaction, Inorganic chemistry 61(2) (2021) 992-1010 .## [20] S.F. Taheri Hatkehlouei, B. Mirza, S. Soleimani-Amiri, Solvent-free one-pot synthesis of diverse dihydropyrimidinones/tetrahydropyrimidinones using biginelli reaction catalyzed by Fe3O4@ C@ OSO3H, Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds (2020) 1-17 .## [21] A. Allahresani, M. Mohammadpour Sangani, M.A. Nasseri, CoFe2O4@ SiO2‐ NH 2‐CoII NPs catalyzed Hantzsch reaction as an efficient, reusable catalyst for the facile, green, one‐pot synthesis of novel functionalized 1, 4‐dihydropyridine derivatives, Applied Organometallic Chemistry 34(9) (2020) e5759 .## [22] N. Devarajan, P. Suresh, MIL-101-SO3 H metal–organic framework as a Brønsted acid catalyst in Hantzsch reaction: an efficient and sustainable methodology for one-pot synthesis of 1, 4-dihydropyridine, New Journal of Chemistry 43(17) (2019) 6806-6814 .## [23] H. Alinezhad, K. Pakzad, Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles with an extract of Euphorbia Maculata and their use in the Biginelli reaction, Organic Preparations and Procedures International 52(4) (2020) 319-327 .## [24] B.-J. Yao, W.-X. Wu, L.-G. Ding, Y.-B. Dong, Sulfonic Acid and Ionic Liquid Functionalized Covalent Organic Framework for Efficient Catalysis of the Biginelli Reaction, The Journal of Organic Chemistry 86(3) (2021) 3024-3032 .## [25] L.H. da Silveira Lacerda, R.A.P. Ribeiro, S.R. de Lazaro, Magnetic, electronic, ferroelectric, structural and topological analysis of AlFeO3, FeAlO3, FeVO3, BiFeO 3 and PbFeO3 materials: theoretical evidences of magnetoelectric coupling, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 480 (2019) 199-208 .## [26] S. Bhuvanasundari, G. Venkatachalam, M. Doble, T. Thomas, Magnetically recoverable, non-toxic, leach resistant aluminum ferrite (AlFeO3) photocatalyst for wastewater remediation, Ceramics International 48(21) (2022) 32326-32337 .## [27] F.Z. Kassimi, H. Zaari, A. Benyoussef, A. Rachadi, M. Balli, A. El Kenz, A theoretical study of the electronic, magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the TbMnO 3 multiferroic, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 543 (2022) 168397 .## [28] N.A. Hill, Why are there so few magnetic ferroelectrics?, ACS Publications, 2000, pp. 6694-6709 .## [29] R. Saha, A. Sundaresan, C. Rao, Novel features of multiferroic and magnetoelectric ferrites and chromites exhibiting magnetically driven ferroelectricity, Materials Horizons 1(1) (2014) 20-31 .## [30] Q. Li, S. Wang, Y. Yuan, H. Gao, X. Xiang, Phase-controlled synthesis, surface morphology, and photocatalytic activity of the perovskite AlFeO3, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 82 (2017) 500-508 .## [31] N. Ahadi, A. Mobinikhaledi, M.A. Bodaghifard, One‐pot synthesis of 1, 4‐dihydropyridines and N‐arylquinolines in the presence of copper complex stabilized on MnFe 2O4 (MFO) as a novel organic–inorganic hybrid material and magnetically retrievable catalyst, Applied Organometallic Chemistry 34(10) (2020) e5822 .## [32] H. Moghanian, M.A.B. Fard, A. Mobinikhaledi, N. Ahadi, Bis (p-sulfoanilino) triazine-functionalized silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles as an efficient and magnetically reusable nano-catalyst for Biginelli-type reaction, Research on Chemical Intermediates 44(7) (2018) 4083-4101 .## [33] N. Foroughifar, A. Mobinikhaledi, S. Ebrahimi, H. Moghanian, M.A.B. Fard, M. Kalhor, Synthesis of a new class of azathia crown macrocycles containing two 1, 2, 4-triazole or two 1, 3, 4-thiadiazole rings as subunits, Tetrahedron Letters 50(7) (2009) 836-839 .## [34] L.B. Farhat, S.B. Ahmed, S. Ezzine, M. Amami, Particle size dependent structural, magnetic and electrical properties of Cr-doped lead-free multiferroic AlFeO 3 prepared by co-precipitation and solid state method, Materials Chemistry and Physics 255 (2020) 123631 .## [35] J. Safaei-Ghomi, H. Shahbazi-Alavi, A flexible one-pot synthesis of pyrazolopyridines catalyzed by Fe3O4@ SiO2-SO3H nanocatalyst under microwave irradiation, Scientia Iranica 24(3) (2017) 1209-1219 .## [36] C.S. Maldonado, D. la Rosa, J. Rivera, C.J. Lucio-Ortiz, A. Hernández-Ramírez, F.F.C. Barraza, J.S. Valente, Low concentration Fe-doped alumina catalysts using sol-gel and impregnation methods: the synthesis, characterization and catalytic performance during the combustion of trichloroethylene, Materials 7(3) (2014) 2062-2086 .## [37] R. Saha, A. Shireen, S.N. Shirodkar, M.S. Singh, U.V. Waghmare, A. Sundaresan, C. Rao, Phase Transitions of AlFeO3 and GaFeO3 from the Chiral Orthorhombic (Pna 21) Structure to the Rhombohedral (R 3̅ c) Structure, Inorganic chemistry 50(19) (2011) 9527-9532 .## [38] Q. Li, S. Wang, Y. Yuan, H. Gao, X. Xiang, Phase-controlled synthesis, surface morphology, and photocatalytic activity of the perovskite AlFeO3, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology 82(2) (2017) 500-508.